形容词的比较等级

A.形容词的比较分三级：原级、比较级、最高级

B.单音节形容词: 在词尾分别添加er和est：

bright           brighter       brightest

brave            braver         bravest

C.三个或三个以上音节：前面加副词more和most：

beautiful           more beautiful           most beautiful

interesting         more interesting       most interesting

D.双音节:按上述两条规则之一变化。以ful或re结尾的词通常添加more和most：

doubtful    more doubtful         most doubtful

obscure     more obscure          most obscure

以er，y或ly结尾的通常加er和est：

clever    cleverer   cleverest

pretty     prettier    prettiest（注意y变成i）

silly      sillier      silliest

E.不规则的变化有：

bad               worse                 worst

far                farther                 farthest（只指距离）

further             furthest（用处较广；参见F，G）

good              better                  best

little               less                   least

many／much       more                  most

old                elder                  eldest（仅指人）

old                older                  oldest（指人和物）

F. 各种表示比较的句子结构

(A).形容词的原级可 与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”，

与not as／so…as连用表不“不如……那样……”：

A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father．

He was as white as a sheet．

Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder．

杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。

Your coffee is not as／so good as the coffee my mother makes．

你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。

(B).形容词比较级可与than连用：

The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings．

He makes fewer mistakes than you（do）．

He is stronger than I expected．

I didn’t expect him to be so strong．

It was more expensive than I thought．

这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于：I didn’t think it would be so expensive．

如省略than…时，英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级：

This is the best way．

这是最好的办法。

在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。

© .三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时，以最高级与the…in／of结构连用的方式来表达：

This is the oldest theatre in London．

The youngest of the family was the most successful．

全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。

关系从句中经常使用完成时态：

This is the best beer（that） I have ever drunk．

IThis was the worst film（that） he had ever seen．

He is the kindest man（that） I have ever met．

It was the most worrying day（that） he had ever spent．

注意：这里用的是ever而不是never；然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念：

I have never drunk better beer．我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。

I have never met a kinder man．我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。

He had never spent a more worrying day．他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。

(D).要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构：

House Agent：Do you want a big house？

Ann：Yes，the bigger the better．

Tom：But the smaller it is，the less it will cost us to heat．

(E).一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连接的比较级表示：

The weather is getting colder and colder．天气越来越冷了。

He became less and less interested．他越来越不感兴趣。

(F).用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较：

Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle．

It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone．

(G).原级与like（相似，介词）和alike连用的结构：

Tom is very like Bill．汤姆长得很像比尔。

Bill and Tom are very alike．贝尔和汤姆长得很像。

He keeps the central heating full on．It’s like living in the tropics．

他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。

(H).原级与like和as连用（下面列举几个副词和形容词的句子）从理论上讲like（介词）只能与名词、代词和动名词连用：

He swims like a fish．他游起泳来像条鱼。

You look like a ghost．你都不像人样了。

Be like Peter：go jogging．像彼得那样：去慢跑吧。

The windows were all barred．It was like being in prison．

窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。

as（连词）与动词连用的结构：

Do as Peter does：go jogging．像彼得那样：去慢跑吧。

Why don’t you cycle to work as we do？你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班？

但在英语口语中，这些地方常用like代替as：

Cycle to work like we do．像我们一样骑车上班。

I like+名词和as+名词结构：

He worked like a slave．他像奴隶一样地干活。（非常劳累）

He worked as a slave．他作为奴隶干活。（他是奴隶。）

She used her umberlla as a weapon．她拿伞当武器。（她用伞打他。）

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